What are three functions of a permanent line arrow?

The correct answer highlights three key functions of a permanent line arrow in cavern diving: directional reference, measuring distance to the exit, and designating secondary passages.

Directional reference is crucial in underwater environments such as caves, where visibility can be limited, and normal navigation cues may be absent. Permanent line arrows serve as clear indicators of the path to safety, ensuring divers can follow a defined route back to the exit.

Measuring distance to the exit is another important function. This can help divers gauge how far they are from their egress point, ensuring they can manage their air supply and overall dive time effectively. Understanding their distance from the exit allows divers to maintain a safe and controlled ascent.

Designating secondary passages is essential for maintaining orientation. In complex cave systems, secondary routes may diverge from the main path, and having permanent arrows designating these routes helps divers navigate without becoming disoriented.

These functions contribute significantly to safety and situational awareness in cavern diving, reinforcing the importance of using proper markers to ensure divers can navigate efficiently and return safely.